Evolution of the Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. in Spain: Five Nationwide Prevalence Studies, 1986 to 2002
Identificadores
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12020/1282ISSN: 0066-4804
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.11.4240–4245.2004
Autor/es
Cuevas, Oscar; Cercenado, Emilia; Vindel, Ana; Guinea, Jesus; Sanchez-Conde, Matilde; [et al.]Fecha
2004-11-01Tipo de documento
articleÁrea/s de conocimiento
Ciencias BiomédicasMateria/s Unesco
3201.03 Microbiología ClínicaResumen
Data regarding the evolution of Staphylococcus resistance in a whole country have a definite influence on the
design of empirical treatment regimens. Nevertheless, incidence studies over long periods of time are expensive
and very difficult to carry out. In order to ascertain the present situation of the antimicrobial resistance of
Staphylococcus in Spain and the change of this resistance over time, we performed five point prevalence studies
(1986 to 2002) in a large group of Spanish hospitals (from 68 institutions in 1986 to 143 in 2002) collecting all
Staphylococcus strains isolated on a single selected day. All microorganisms were identified in the five studies
at the same laboratory, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed against 17 antimicrobial agents
by the agar dilution method and a microdilution method. During this period, there was an overall increase in
resistance to most antimicrobials among Staphylococcus aureus/coagulase-negative staphylococci, mainly to
oxacillin (1.5%/32.5% in 1986 versus 31.2%/61.3% in 2002) (P < 0.001), erythromycin (7%/41.1% in 1986 versus
31.7%/63% in 2002) (P < 0.001), gentamicin (5.2%/25.4% in 1986 versus 16.9%/27.8% in 2002) (P < 0.001; P
0.5), and ciprofloxacin (0.6%/1.1% in 1986 versus 33.9%/44.9% in 2002) (P < 0.001). All of the isolates were
uniformly susceptible to glycopeptides, linezolid, and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Resistance of S. aureus to
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was very low (from 0.5% to 2.1%) (P 0.152). Periodic performance of
prevalence studies is a useful, inexpensive, and easy tool to know the nationwide situation of a microorganism
and its resistance to antimicrobials; it also helps us assess the emergence and spread of antimicrobial
resistance.